📚🧠 Quick Overview
This chapter explores the relationship between IQ, learning disabilities, mental retardation (intellectual disability) and criminal behavior. Key finding: Low IQ does NOT directly cause crime - the relationship is mediated by other factors.
🧠 IQ and Criminal Behavior
- Prisoners average 8-10 IQ points below general population
- Not causative - Low IQ doesn't directly cause crime
- Mediating factors: School failure, limited job opportunities, poor impulse control
- Lower VERBAL IQ more strongly linked to delinquency
📚 Learning Disabilities Types
- Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading
- Dyscalculia: Difficulty with mathematics
- Dysgraphia: Difficulty with writing
- ADHD: Attention deficit and hyperactivity
- Auditory Processing Disorder: Difficulty processing sounds
🧠 Intellectual Disability Levels (IQ Ranges)
- 🟢 Mild: IQ 50-70 (can live independently)
- 🟡 Moderate: IQ 35-50 (need significant support)
- 🟠 Severe: IQ 20-35 (substantial support)
- 🔴 Profound: IQ below 20 (constant care)
⚖️ Legal Considerations
Intellectually disabled individuals are MORE OFTEN VICTIMS than perpetrators. Issues: Competency to stand trial, false confessions risk, need for special safeguards. Supreme Court ruled against executing intellectually disabled individuals.