👤 Important Figure
- Paivio - Developed model of 5 imagery types
🔑 Paivio's Five Types of Imagery
Motivational-Specific (MS)
- Imagining winning, receiving trophy
- Specific achievement goals
Motivational General-Mastery (MG-M)
- Staying focused under pressure
- Maintaining concentration
- Mental toughness
Motivational General-Arousal (MG-A)
- Controlling anxiety and stress
- Managing arousal levels
Cognitive-Specific (CS)
- Executing specific skills
- Individual technique practice
Cognitive-General (CG)
- Reviewing game strategies and plays
- Overall game plan
🧠 Three Intervention Programs
1. VMBR (Visual Motor Behavior Rehearsal)
- Combines relaxation + imagery
- First relax, then imagine skill
2. SIT (Stress Inoculation Training)
- Prepares for stressful situations
- "Inoculates" against stress
3. SMT (Stress Management Training)
- Teaches stress control skills
- Combines multiple techniques
📈 Research Findings
- Athletes use imagery MOST before competition
- Individualized programs work better than athlete-chosen strategies
- All 3 intervention programs effectively reduce stress and enhance performance
💡 Exam Tips
- Remember Paivio's 5 types (2 motivational general, 1 motivational specific, 2 cognitive)
- MS = specific winning, MG-M = mastery/focus, MG-A = arousal control
- CS = specific skills, CG = general strategies
- 3 interventions: VMBR, SIT, SMT (all combine imagery + relaxation)
- Individualized > Self-selected strategies